Paper is a global product that is used by almost all people in the world, therefore the paper industry into a promising land and rapid development. Papermaking raw materials in large-scale industry generally in the form of pulp which is the result of the separation of wood fibers or other fibrous plants through a variety of manufacturing processes (Pulping).
Fiber used as raw material is cellulose fiber pulp, can be obtained on all the good timber plants (Wood) and non-timber (Non wood). Almost all plant parts such as skins, stems, twigs, leaves, bark fruit / seeds and roots are in the form of producing cellulose fibers, but not all parts of these plants produce a good fiber.
Source of raw materials for pulp fiber is divided into 3 sources, namely:
1. Timber plants (Wood)
Is a source of raw materials most widely used and is quite abundant in nature. In botany, wood is classified into two major parts, commonly called gymnosperma needles wood (softwood) and angiosperms called broad leaf wood (hardwood) (Smook, 1992). Softwood is characterized by imperfect leaf leaves needle-like shape, is not stemmed, no sheets and veins of leaves, for example: Pine, Aghatis and Pine. Hardwood has a perfect leaves with rounded leaf shape to oval, has a stem, leaf pieces and veins, for example: Acasia, Eucalyptus and Albizia.
2. Non-timber plants (Non wood)
Other plants that can be used for making pulp raw material is non-timber plant, this plant many varieties and types ranging from: grasses, shrubs trunked wet and soft woody plants. Fiber from raw materials rather than wood taken from various parts of plants such as: bark (bast fiber), stem (stalk fiber), leaves (leaf fiber) and fruit / seed (seed and fiber). Examples of plants include: Jute, kenaf, Jutes, Hibiscus, Abaca, pineapple leaves, agave, Mendong, water hyacinth, Kapok, Cotton and coconut fiber.
3. Used Paper (Secondary Fiber)
Production and consumption of paper worldwide has intensity and high capacity, it is cause abundance source of raw materials from waste paper pulp. This raw material has the privilege of not knowing the time of harvest and is one of the environmental policy program (Environmental Policy). Fiber from waste paper and have a variety of long-fiber content varies because it is a mixture of hardwood and softwood. Fiber comes from a culture of paper such as: paper, HVS, magazines, etc. that are generally short and smooth fiber, and paper industries such as cement bags, cardboard, paper wrappers, etc. which are generally long and short fiber (no or few fine fibers).
Fiber used as raw material is cellulose fiber pulp, can be obtained on all the good timber plants (Wood) and non-timber (Non wood). Almost all plant parts such as skins, stems, twigs, leaves, bark fruit / seeds and roots are in the form of producing cellulose fibers, but not all parts of these plants produce a good fiber.
Source of raw materials for pulp fiber is divided into 3 sources, namely:
1. Timber plants (Wood)
Is a source of raw materials most widely used and is quite abundant in nature. In botany, wood is classified into two major parts, commonly called gymnosperma needles wood (softwood) and angiosperms called broad leaf wood (hardwood) (Smook, 1992). Softwood is characterized by imperfect leaf leaves needle-like shape, is not stemmed, no sheets and veins of leaves, for example: Pine, Aghatis and Pine. Hardwood has a perfect leaves with rounded leaf shape to oval, has a stem, leaf pieces and veins, for example: Acasia, Eucalyptus and Albizia.
2. Non-timber plants (Non wood)
Other plants that can be used for making pulp raw material is non-timber plant, this plant many varieties and types ranging from: grasses, shrubs trunked wet and soft woody plants. Fiber from raw materials rather than wood taken from various parts of plants such as: bark (bast fiber), stem (stalk fiber), leaves (leaf fiber) and fruit / seed (seed and fiber). Examples of plants include: Jute, kenaf, Jutes, Hibiscus, Abaca, pineapple leaves, agave, Mendong, water hyacinth, Kapok, Cotton and coconut fiber.
3. Used Paper (Secondary Fiber)
Production and consumption of paper worldwide has intensity and high capacity, it is cause abundance source of raw materials from waste paper pulp. This raw material has the privilege of not knowing the time of harvest and is one of the environmental policy program (Environmental Policy). Fiber from waste paper and have a variety of long-fiber content varies because it is a mixture of hardwood and softwood. Fiber comes from a culture of paper such as: paper, HVS, magazines, etc. that are generally short and smooth fiber, and paper industries such as cement bags, cardboard, paper wrappers, etc. which are generally long and short fiber (no or few fine fibers).
